POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES PREPARATION,CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTUREPERSPECTIVES

Abstract

This work examines the fabrication, characterization, application, and potential future advancements of polymeric nanoparticles, a complex and adaptable nanocarrier. Polymeric nanoparticles are synthesized using salting-out, polymerization, emulsion-solvent evaporation, and nanoprecipitation methods. These methods enable precise control over drug-loading efficiency, particle dimensions, and morphology. Dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and spectroscopy must be employed to evaluate their performance, stability, and physicochemical properties. Polymeric nanoparticles may deliver medications, DNA, and other compounds at different rates, and they possess biocompatibility and biodegradability. They capture images, cultivate crops, modify genes, diagnose diseases, provide medications, and purify the environment. Despite advancements, challenges remain regarding large-scale manufacturing, long-term safety, regulatory approval, and cost-effectiveness. Future studies indicate that surface-functionalized nanoparticles, intelligent polymers, and stimuli-responsive systems will improve the translation, therapeutic efficacy, and targeting of polymeric nanoparticles in biomedical and industrial applications.